Tefnakhte

From his base in the northwest delta, Tefnakhte, a Libyan prince, advanced south in a bid to conquer Upper Egypt. Securing allies along the way, he succeeded

Postmodern Literature In Latin America

Latin- American literature blossomed and received international acclaim in the 1960s and 1970s with the so-called boom in the novel, a movement signaled by the publication of major works by the Colombian Gabriel Garc�a M�rquez, the Mexican Carlos Fuentes, the Peruvian Mario Vargas Llosa, the Argentine Julio Cort�zar, and the Chilean Jos� Donoso. (More recently, the Chilean

Resistencia

City, capital of Chaco provincia, northeastern Argentina, on a stream that flows into the Paran� River at the river port of Barranqueras, 4 miles (6 km) southeast. Originally founded in the mid-18th century as San Fernando del R�o Negro (a Jesuit reducci�n [work mission] abandoned in 1773 after the order was suppressed), it was later reestablished in 1878 as a frontier colony settled by

Haliburton, Thomas Chandler

Haliburton was admitted to the bar in 1820 and, as a member of the Nova Scotia Legislative Assembly (1826 - 29), led

Lagrange

City, seat (1828) of Troup county, western Georgia, U.S. It lies just east of West Point Lake (impounded on the Chattahoochee River), about 50 miles (80 km) north of Columbus. The site was settled in 1826, and the town soon developed as an important trading centre in a cotton-growing area; it was named for the French estate of the Marquis de Lafayette, who had visited the area in 1825. The city was largely

Qatar

A monarchy (emirate) on the Arabian Peninsula, Qatar occupies a desert peninsula and the nearby small Hawar Islands (also claimed by Bahrain) on the west coast of the Persian Gulf. Area (including Hawar Islands): 11,427 sq km (4,412 sq mi). Pop. (1996 est.): 590,000. Cap.: Doha. Monetary unit: Qatar riyal, with (Oct. 11, 1996) an official rate of 3.64 riyals to U.S. $1 (5.73 riyals = �1 sterling). Emir and prime minister in 1996, Sheikh Hamad ibn Khalifah

Akhenaton

Also spelled �Akhnaton�, or �Ikhnaton�, also called �Amenhotep Iv�, or �Neferkheperure Amenhotep�, Greek �Amenophis� king of Egypt (1353 - 36 BC) of the 18th dynasty, who established a new monotheistic cult of Aton (hence his assumed name, Akhenaton, meaning �One Useful to Aton�).

Shensi, Resources

The basin in the north of the province has enormous coal reserves, second in size only to those of Shansi. Important modern mines are those at T'ung-ch'uan, on the northern slope of the Wei Valley, and at Han-ch'eng, near the Huang Ho. There are minor coal and oil-shale deposits in the Han Basin in the south, where there are also iron-ore deposits. The Tsinling Mountains contain

Wild-water Racing

International competition,

Jhelum

Town, Punjab province, northeastern Pakistan. The town lies just west of the Jhelum River (there bridged by both road and rail) and is connected by rail and the Grand Trunk Road with Peshawar and Lahore. The old town, across the river, may have been Bucephala, founded by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC. Although once a salt-trade centre, Jhelum is now a major timber market.

Hui Shih

As a result of their preoccupation with pure logic, the dialecticians have always been separated from the mainstream of Chinese philosophy, which was primarily concerned with the relationship between names and actuality.

C�sar

The son of Italian immigrants, C�sar quit school at age 12 in order to work,

Ker

Also spelled �Cer, � in ancient Greek religion, a destructive spirit. Popular belief attributed death and illness to the action of impersonal powers, often spoken of in the plural (Keres). The word was also used of an individual's doom, with a meaning resembling the notion of destiny. In the Attic festival of the Anthesteria, when the spirits of the dead were expelled from the house, they were

Sea Lion

Any of the five species of seals, belonging to the family Otariidae (eared seals), characterized by a coat of short, coarse hair that lacks a distinct undercoat. Sea lions are lithe animals with the small ears typical of the Otariidae (see seal); the males, except in the California sea lion, have manes. Like the other otariids, sea lions have longer flippers than do the true,

Submarine, World War I

By the eve of World War I all of the major navies included submarines in their fleets, but these craft were relatively small, were considered of questionable military value, and generally were intended for coastal operations. The most significant exception to the concept of coastal activity was the German Deutschland class of merchant U-boats, each 315 feet long with

Conductors Play Musical Chairs

In recent years conductors have increasingly become the musical equivalents of professional athletes, parlaying their high-profile public personas and singular skills in a market that is driven by professional excellence and name value. Given that, 2003 was a particularly busy year for conductors, many of whom played their own version of musical chairs at orchestras

Glacial Landform, Permafrost, patterned ground, solifluction deposits, and pingos

Permafrost is ground that remains perennially frozen (see permafrost). It covers about 20 - 25 percent of the Earth's land surface today. The �active layer� of soil close to the surface of permafrost regions undergoes many seasonal and daily freeze-thaw cycles. The constant change in the volume of water tends to move the coarser particles in the soil to the surface. Further

Tableware

Utensils used at the table for holding, serving, and handling food and drink. Tableware includes various types of containers (known as hollowware, q.v.), spoons and forks (flatware, q.v.), knives (cutlery, q.v.), and a variety of dishes and accessories.

Deng Xiaoping

The son of a landowner, Deng studied in France (1921 - 24), where he

Gabon

Following the smashing victory of the Gabonese Democratic Party (PDG) in the December 1996 parliamentary elections, in which it won 100 of the 120 seats, Prime Minister Paulin Obame-Ngu�ma announced his new Cabinet on Jan. 29, 1997. Alexandre Sambat,

Brea

City, Orange county, southwestern California, U.S., at the foot of the Puente Hills. Early settlers dug the oil-soaked earth in the �Brea� canyon for fuel, and commercial production began in the 1890s after successful strikes in the Brea and Olinda fields. The influx of people inspired the Ontario Investment Company to file a subdivision map in 1908 for a town to be called Randolph;

Amberg

City, Bayern Land (Bavaria state), southeastern Germany, on the Vils River, in the foothills of the Franconian Jura and Bayernwald (Bavarian Forest), southeast of N�rnberg. First mentioned in 1034, it was a court town with considerable trade (in iron and tinplate) and industry in the 14th - 16th century. The ducal residence (until 1621) and the capital (until 1810) of the Upper Palatinate, it had many

Bilbays

Also spelled �Bilbeis, or Bilbis, � town, southwestern ash-Sharqiyah muhafazah (governorate) in the eastern Nile River delta, Lower Egypt. Bilbays lies northeast of Cairo, on the main road from Ismailia and Port Said and on the al-Isma'iliyah Canal. Its name is an Arabic corruption of the Coptic Phelbes. Situated on a caravan and natural invasion route from the east, Bilbays was conquered in AD 640 by the Arabs, who in 727 resettled

Puffbird

Puffbirds feed on flying insects. They resemble their close relatives the jacamars in habits

Vega, Lope De

Outstanding dramatist of the Spanish Golden Age, author of as many as 1,800 plays and several hundred shorter dramatic pieces, of which 431 plays and 50 shorter pieces are extant.

Amarapura

Town, central Myanmar (Burma). It lies on the left bank of the Irrawaddy River. A suburb of Mandalay, it is also known as Taung-myo (Southern Town) or Myohaung (Old City). Founded by King Bodawpaya in 1783 as his new capital, it supplanted Ava, 6 miles (10 km) southwest. Its population in 1810 was estimated at 170,000, but a fire that year and the return of the court to Ava in 1823 caused a decline to about 30,000 by 1827. King

Sistan

Also spelled �Seistan, � extensive border region, eastern Iran and southwestern Afghanistan. Forty percent of its area is in Iran, as well as the majority of its sparse population. The region comprises a large depression some 1,500 - 1,700 feet (450 - 520 m) in elevation. Numerous rivers fill a series of lagoons (hamun) and in high flood form a shallow lake that spills into another depression to the south. Three large deltas

Sinkiang, Uygur Autonomous Region Of, Settlement patterns

There are five major cities in the province. Wu-lu-mu-ch'i,